文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Liang, X. Q. 1 ; Li, H. 2 ; Wang, S. X. 3 ; Ye, Y. S. 1 ; Ji, Y. J. 1 ; Tian, G. M. 1 ; van Kessel, C. 4 ; Linquist, B. A 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
2.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm Resource Soil & Fertilizer, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
3.Jiangxi Acad Agr Sci, Nanchang 330200, Peoples R China
4.Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA
关键词： CH4 and N2O;Global warming potential;Manure;Rice;Urea;Yield-scaled emissions
期刊名称：FIELD CROPS RESEARCH （ 影响因子：5.224； 五年影响因子：6.19 ）
ISSN： 0378-4290
年卷期： 2013 年 146 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Fertilizer N is usually required to achieve optimal yields but when applied in excess there is increased risk of pollution, including higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, optimal N management must consider both yields and environmental effects. Yield-scaled GWP (Global Warming Potential), which is the GWP (in CO2 equivalents) per Mg of grain yield, is a useful metric for evaluating management options where the goal is to achieve both high yields with minimal environmental burden. A 6-year field study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the lowest yield-scaled GHG emissions for rice occur when N is applied at optimal N rates for maximum yields, independent of the source of N applied. We tested this hypothesis for organic (manure) and inorganic (urea) N sources. The N rates and sources in each growing season were: 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha(-1) applied as either urea alone or pig manure combined with urea (where N was added as manure and supplied 60% of the total N rate). The N rates to achieve maximum yields (90 to 180 kg N ha(-1) depending on year) were similar for both N sources. Seasonal CH4 and N2O emissions varied significantly between years but the magnitude of emissions was determined largely by N source. Across N rates, application of manure increased GWP by almost 60% relative to the urea treatments due to higher CH4 and N2O emissions. When urea was used as the sole N source, yield-scaled GWP (87 kg CO2 (eq). Mg-1 grain) was lowest at optimal N rates for maximum yields. In contrast, when manure was used, yield-scaled GWP was higher than for urea and increased with increasing manure-N rates (from 104 to 171 kg CO2 (eq). Mg-1 grain). The lowest yield-scaled GWP for manure was when no manure was applied - despite the low yields. Thus, when manure is used as an N source in flooded rice systems, over application should be avoided. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- 相关文献
